Nowadays, the use of reverse osmosis systems is considered one of the most effective methods for water treatment in industries, drinking water supply, and pharmaceutical applications. Reverse osmosis membranes are semi-permeable membranes capable of removing a large portion of ions, mineral salts, suspended particles, microbiological contaminants, and organic pollutants, thereby producing high-purity water. However, achieving stable performance and an acceptable operational lifetime for these systems requires adherence to proper maintenance principles, continuous performance monitoring, and effective management of operating conditions, and is always associated with various challenges.